reCAPTCHA v2

Installing

1. Run the following command to install the reCAPTCHA module.

$ # On Debian/Ubuntu
$ sudo apt-get install hapee-2.4r1-lb-recaptcha

$ # On CentOS/RedHat/Oracle/Photon OS
$ sudo yum install hapee-2.4r1-lb-recaptcha

$ # On SUSE
$ sudo zypper install hapee-2.4r1-lb-recaptcha

$ # On FreeBSD
$ sudo pkg install hapee-2.4r1-lb-recaptcha

1. Go to https://www.google.com/recaptcha/admin and register your website for a Google reCAPTCHA. Choose reCAPTCHA v2. This will give you a site key and a secret key. If testing on localhost or 127.0.0.1, enter them as domains in the Google reCAPTCHA settings.

2. Edit the file: /etc/hapee-2.4/hapee-lb-recaptcha.cfg. Find the line that reads:

   recaptcha_private XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

   Replace the XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX value with the secret key you got when you registered for a reCAPTCHA.

3. Search the file for data-sitekey and replace XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX with the corresponding site key you got when you registered for a reCAPTCHA.

4. Put a new random string in for hmac_secret to prevent someone else with this module from generating cookies for your site to get around the reCAPTCHA. This field is the HMAC secret used when encrypting the cookie that indicates whether the user has already solved the CAPTCHA. It can be any set of random numbers and letters. You can use the following command to create an alphanumeric string 42 characters long:

   $ tr -cd [:alnum:] </dev/urandom | head -c 42

5. Optional: Change the values for ip_in_cookie and valid_duration:

   • The ip_in_cookie setting will put the client's IP address into the HMAC so that cookie sharing is more difficult.

   • The valid_duration setting sets how long in seconds the cookie will be accepted. During testing you may want to set this to a small value such as 15 (seconds).

6. Add the following line to the global section of your HAProxy Enterprise configuration:

   global
      lua-load /opt/hapee-2.4/modules/hapee-lb-recaptcha.luac

7. Add a frontend section and a backend section to your HAProxy Enterprise configuration to communicate with Google and verify reCAPTCHAs:

   frontend google_recaptcha_fe
      mode http
      bind 127.0.0.1:3859
      option httpclose
      timeout client 5s
      default_backend google_recaptcha_be
   
   backend google_recaptcha_be
      mode http
      timeout server 5s
      server google www.google.com:443 ssl verify none maxconn 10 check inter 60s fall 2 rise 2

   The LUA module connects locally to this frontend, and the backend forwards the challenge to Google reCAPTCHA.

8. Add the following tcp-request inspect-delay and http-request use-service lines inside any frontend or listen section from which you want to send reCAPTCHA challenges:

   Add the tcp-request and http-request directives.

   frontend www
      bind :80
      tcp-request inspect-delay 1s
      http-request use-service lua.verify_recaptcha if { path /.well-known/haproxy/captcha_callback }
      http-request use-service lua.request_recaptcha unless { lua.verify_solved_captcha "ok" }
      default_backend    webapp_be
   
   backend webapp_be
      server app1        192.168.56.33:8080
      server app2        192.168.56.34:8080

9. Optional: Add other conditions to the if clauses to enable Google reCAPTCHA only for some requests. In the example below, we configure rate limiting so that the challenge displays only for clients that make more than 100 requests within 10 seconds:

   # share requests rate data with load balancer peers
   peers mycluster
      peer loadbalancer1 192.168.1.10:10000
      peer loadbalancer2 192.168.1.11:10000
      table request_rates type ip  size 1m  expire 10s  store http_req_rate(10s)
   
   frontend  fe_main
      bind *:80
   
      # track this client's request rate based on their IP address
      http-request track-sc0 src table mycluster/request_rates
   
      # reCAPTCHA logic with rate limit
      tcp-request inspect-delay 1s
      http-request use-service lua.verify_recaptcha if { path /.well-known/haproxy/captcha_callback }
      http-request use-service lua.request_recaptcha if { sc_http_req_rate(0,mycluster/request_rates) gt 100 } !{ lua.verify_solved_captcha "ok" }
      default_backend    webapp_be
   
   backend webapp_be
      server app1        192.168.56.33:8080
      server app2        192.168.56.34:8080

10. Reload HAProxy Enterprise.

11. Make an HTTP request and see if it works. A client will need to solve the challenge before they can continue past the reCAPTCHA web page.

    Google reCAPTCHA v2 checkbox challenge:

    

    This HTML page is defined in the reCAPTCHA configuration file /etc/hapee-2.4/hapee-lb-recaptcha.cfg.

Troubleshooting

If your request does not work:

• On the page in question press Ctrl-Shift-i, which brings up the developer console on both Chrome and Firefox. Look at the Javascript "Console" and check for errors. They will usually be highlighted in red. If you see a message about an "unfulfilled promise" in the reCAPTCHA javascript files, check that the hostname setting is correct in your Google admin console for this reCAPTCHA site key. For example, did you set it to example.com but are visiting localhost/login.html? The actual error is generated in the heavily obfuscated code that is reCAPTCHA so debugging this error other than checking settings like that is largely impossible.

• Check the HAProxy Enterprise request logs. If you see LUA errors appear above the request lines (notably above a request for verify_recaptcha that returned a 500 status code), they should indicate what is going wrong.

• Enable debug-level logging in HAProxy. The reCAPTCHA module will log the JSON that it gets from Google's verification service on this level. This approach may not be helpful for general production traffic, but for individual requests which are failing, examining the logs can help reveal the cause. For example, if the private site key is wrong, the JSON will say that.

  To enable debug-level logging, update the log line in the global section.

  Add debug to the end of the log line.

  log 127.0.0.1 local0 debug

If these approaches do not solve the problem, contact Support.